Chronic compartment-syndrome of the lower limb: modern strategies for diagnosis and treatment

A review of the literature is presented, including data on incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical picture patients with chronic compartment syndrome (CCS) lower extremities. Chronic exercise (CECS) characterized by pain repetitive exertion increased intracompartmental pressure affecting extremities in physically active patients. In severe venous insufficiency extremities, (CVCS) develops, which fundamentally different from previously known pictures. Progressive dermatolipofasciosclerosis cicatricial destruction fascia leg C4b-C6 classes according to CEAP affect muscle-fascial compartments at each step. cases, this leads significant changes muscles, accompanied ischemia associated necrosis glycogen deficiency. The analysis various diagnostic methods, conservative treatment methods for performing surgical decompression CCS was carried out. lack a clear pathophysiology CECS CVCS complicates diagnosis condition. Diagnosis calf still based testing musculofascial using Pedowitz criteria, however standard procedures this, patient position, static or dynamic movements, muscles equipment tested, are not agreed upon. CCS, if ineffective, fasciotomy affected parts method choice. Various techniques include traditional open fasciotomy, semi-closed technique one more incisions, minimally invasive endoscopic release, use ultrasound guidance. Fasciectomy correct performed mainly recurrence trophic ulcers after shave therapy, calcification tissues deep transfascial necrosis. Randomized, blinded, controlled trials needed further expand our knowledge CCS.